Foreword	7
	Preface	8
	Acknowledgments	9
	Contents	10
	About the Authors	12
	Acronyms	14
	List of Figures	16
	1 Deviance in Social Media	19
	1.1 Introduction	19
	1.2 Literature on Online Deviant Behaviors	21
	1.2.1 Online Deviant Groups	22
	1.2.1.1 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant/Syria (ISIL) (ISIS) (Daesh)	22
	1.2.1.2 Anti-NATO Propagandist	24
	1.2.1.3 Deviant Hackers Networks (DHNs)	24
	1.2.1.4 Internet Trolls	26
	1.2.2 Online Deviant Events	26
	1.2.3 Online Deviant Tactics	29
	1.3 Leveraging the Theory of Collective Action to Study DCFMs	31
	1.3.1 The Case of DCFM-Success	34
	1.3.2 The Case of DCFM-Failure	35
	1.3.3 Conceptual Framework	35
	1.3.4 A CFM Scenario	37
	References	40
	2 Social Network Measures and Analysis	45
	2.1 Basics of Graph Theory	45
	2.1.1 Graph Data Structures	49
	2.1.1.1 List Structure	49
	2.1.1.2 Matrix Structure	49
	2.2 Fundamentals of Social Network Analysis (SNA)	50
	2.2.1 Centrality Measures	52
	2.2.2 Triadic Closure and Clustering Coefficient	54
	2.2.3 Modularity	56
	2.2.4 Influential Blogs and Influential Bloggers	57
	2.2.5 Focal Structures Analysis (FSA)	59
	References	61
	3 Tools and Methodologies for Data Collection, Analysis, and Visualization	63
	3.1 TouchGraph SEO Browser	63
	3.2 Twitter Archiving Google Sheet (TAGS) and TAGSExplorer	65
	3.3 Network Overview, Discovery, and Exploration for Excel(NodeXL)	66
	3.4 Gephi	66
	3.5 CytoScape	69
	3.6 Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC)	69
	3.7 Organizational Risk Analyzer (ORA) NetScenes	71
	3.8 IBM Watson Analytics	73
	3.9 Web Content Extractor (WCE)	75
	3.10 Blogtrackers	76
	3.11 YouTubeTracker	78
	3.12 Botometer	79
	3.13 Reaper: Social Media Scraping Tool	80
	References	82
	4 Social Cyber Forensics (SCF): Uncovering Hidden Relationships	84
	4.1 Social Cyber Forensics Analysis (SCF) Using Maltego	84
	4.2 Methodologies to Extract Open Source Information	88
	4.2.1 Finding Related Websites From Web TrackerCode (WTC)	88
	4.2.2 Finding Blog Sites From Twitter Handles	89
	4.2.3 Inferring the Ownership or Hidden Connections Among Different Websites	90
	4.3 Hands-On Exercises	90
	4.3.1 Exercise A	90
	4.3.2 Exercise B	92
	4.3.3 Exercise C	92
	References	93
	5 Case Studies of Deviance in Social Media	95
	5.1 Introduction	95
	5.2 Case Study 1: Propaganda During the 2014 Crimean WaterCrisis	98
	5.3 Case Study 2: Anti-NATO Propaganda During the 2015 Trident Juncture Exercise	100
	5.4 Case Study 3: Anti-NATO Propaganda During the 2015 Dragoon Ride Exercise	103
	5.5 Case Study 4: ISIS Beheading Propaganda in 2015	105
	References	108
	Glossary	111
	Index	112